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Kidney Diseases: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Kidneys are essential organs responsible for filtering waste, balancing body fluids, and regulating blood pressure. Any dysfunction in the kidneys can lead to severe health complications. Various kidney diseases affect millions of people worldwide, and early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.

Common Kidney Diseases

1. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): A gradual loss of kidney function over time, often caused by high blood pressure and diabetes.


2. Kidney Stones: Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys, causing pain and urinary issues.


3. Nephritis (Kidney Inflammation): Swelling in the kidneys due to infections or autoimmune disorders.


4. Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): A genetic disorder that causes fluid-filled cysts to develop in the kidneys.


5. Kidney Failure: A severe condition where kidneys lose their ability to function, requiring dialysis or transplant.

Symptoms of Kidney Diseases

• Changes in urine color and frequency


• Blood in urine or foamy urine


• Swelling in the legs, feet, and face


• Persistent fatigue and weakness


• High blood pressure


• Loss of appetite and nausea

Causes & Risk Factors

• Diabetes & Hypertension: The leading causes of CKD.


• Genetic Factors: Conditions like PKD run in families.


• Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can harm kidney function.


• Medications & Toxins: Long-term use of painkillers and exposure to toxins may damage the kidneys.


• Unhealthy Diet & Dehydration: Poor hydration and excessive salt intake can increase the risk of kidney diseases.

Prevention & Treatment

✔ Stay Hydrated: Drink sufficient water to support kidney function.

✔ Eat a Balanced Diet: Reduce salt, protein, and processed foods.

✔ Monitor Blood Pressure & Sugar Levels: Keep diabetes and hypertension under control.

✔ Regular Checkups: Early diagnosis through blood and urine tests can prevent severe complications.

✔ Medication & Dialysis: In severe cases, doctors may recommend medications, dialysis, or kidney transplantation.

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience persistent symptoms like swelling, blood in urine, or severe pain in the lower back, consult a nephrologist immediately. Early intervention can prevent kidney disease from progressing to a critical stage.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and following medical advice can significantly reduce the risk of kidney diseases and improve overall well-being

For further information:

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Doctor Banaras Khan Awan

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